INSOMNIA
DEFINITION Any diagnosis of insomnia should have a type of daytime impairment due to inadequate sleep PREVALENCE Affects about 10% of adults chronically Affects 25-50% children and adolescents RECOMMENDED SLEEP DURATIONS BY AGE (PEDIATRICS)
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Ascites
ASCITES It is the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, usually as a result of liver cirrhosis. The less common causes are carcinoma, heart failure, renal failure, pancreatitis, tuberculosis, portal hypertension, viral hepatitis, Budd Chiari syndrome and Meig's syndrome. References: 1. Ascites. Merck Manual. (Accessed 5 Aug 2018)
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Brachydactyly
BRACHYDACTYLY Is the term used for disproportionately short fingers or toes. Of all the many subtypes, Type B is very rare characterized by under-development of fingers with complete absence of fingernails with the thumb intact. Associated with ROR2 gene mutation. References: 1. Int J Case Rep Images 2014; 5(10): 723-726
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Winged Scapula
WINGING OF THE SCAPULA It is paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle due to injury to the long thoracic nerve resulting in the medial winging of the scapula. Most cases resolve spontaneously. Most factors that result in this condition are due to trauma, idiopathic or iatrogenic causes. References: 1. Current Reviews ...
Continue readingCommon causes of Chronic abdominal pain
In adults the common cause of chronic abdominal pain: Carcinoma In children, the common cause of chronic abdominal pan: Irritable bowel syndrome References: 1. Chronic Abdominal pain in children. Pediatrics 2005;115;812 2. Chronic Abdominal pain. Kapural 2015. ISBN: 9781-4939-1991-8
Continue readingCommon Causes of Central Sleep Apnea
Makes about <5% of all sleep apnea TYPES CSA with cheyne stokes breathing CSA due to medical disorder CSA due to medication / substance abuse CSA due to high altitude periodic breathing Treatment emergent CSA Primary CSA RISK FACTORS
Continue readingPeriodic Limb Movements of Sleep
DEFINITION PLMS are common in healthy adults and is associated with RLS (80%) and other sleep disorders like OSA, Parkinson's and narcolepsy. PLMS is defined as periodic episodes of repetitive and stereotyped limb movements occuring during sleep. Many people suggest that RLS is a sensory component and PLMS is a motor component. The are typically repetitive 0.5-10 secs long ...
Continue readingOral Appliance for Sleep Apnea
INTRODUCTION Device inserted into the mouth for treatment of snoring or OSA. 2 main types; Tongue retaining device and Mandibular repositioning appliances They improve airway by moving tongue and or mandibular forward, hence increasing posterior airspace Indicated for - primary snoring, mild to moderate OSA EVALUATION OF PATIENT
Continue readingSleep Hygiene Techniques
Sleep hygiene is very essential for a good night sleep quality and daytime alertness. A healthy sleep is important for both physical and mental well being. Some of the sleep hygiene techniques are listed below:
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