Common Causes of Central Sleep Apnea

Makes about <5% of all sleep apnea

TYPES
CSA with cheyne stokes breathing
CSA due to medical disorder
CSA due to medication / substance abuse
CSA due to high altitude periodic breathing Treatment emergent
CSA Primary CSA

RISK FACTORS
Male sex Age > 60
Atrial fibrillation
EF <40%
Stroke
Chiari malformation
Chronic opioid use
Low resting PaO2

TREATMENT
Specialized positive airway pressure ventilation devices (avoid ASV)
Decrease Opioid use

References:
Central Sleep Apnea: AskMayoExpert (Accessed 18 July 2018)